The first case of severe acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-Sc2

TitleThe first case of severe acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-Sc2
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2018
AuthorsLemay AS, Tong TN, Branch DR, Huang M, Sumner C, Oldfield L, Hawes J, Cserti-Gazdewich CM, Lau W
Volume58
Issue11
Pagination06
Date PublishedNov
Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Alloantibodies to the low-frequency antigen Scianna-2 (Sc2) have been implicated in cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn but never in hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs); thus, the clinical significance of anti-Sc2 has yet to be fully addressed.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:

A 26-year-old woman with thalassemia presented rigors, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and hemolytic biochemistry after exposure to 75 mL of plasma-reduced red blood cells (RBCs). The RBC unit was issued by electronic crossmatch but was 3+ incompatible on recrossmatch by gel indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). The patient had anti-Sc2 previously identified, but considered to be clinically insignificant. The transfusion history was reviewed and a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) was performed.
RESULTS:

The patient was investigated for a RBC reaction 9 years prior, when she developed symptoms of HTR. The RBC unit was crossmatched by immediate spin due to consistent screen negativity. Full crossmatch found the RBC 1+ incompatible by gel IAT with both pre/post samples, while direct antiglobulin test was negative (pre) and 1+ immunoglobulin G positive (post). The antibody remained unidentified and she was committed to gel IAT crossmatch. Two-years later, the specificity to Sc2 was deduced when one RBC unit was found 3+ incompatible. Finally, the transfusion reaction reported herein occurred when she received by happenstance RBCs from the same donor who was associated with the remote reaction 9 years earlier. MMA yielded highly positive phagocytic indices only for Sc2+ RBCs, including the donor's RBCs that triggered the severe HTR.
CONCLUSION:

This is the first case of HTR caused by anti-Sc2 confirmed by clinical findings and MMA.

DOI10.1111/trf.14867
Alternate JournalTransfusion
Notify Library Reference ID4737

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