@article {4173,
	title = {Risk factors and outcomes in transfusion-associated circulatory overload.},
	journal = {The American journal of medicine//Am J Med},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013},
	pages = {357.e29 - 38},
	publisher = {Murphy,Edward L. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. murphy@ucsf.edu},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Transfusion-associated circulatory overload is characterized by new respiratory distress and hydrostatic pulmonary edema within 6 hours after blood transfusion, but its risk factors and outcomes are poorly characterized., METHODS: Using a case control design, we enrolled 83 patients with severe transfusion-associated circulatory overload identified by active surveillance for hypoxemia and 163 transfused controls at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minn) hospitals. Odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression, and survival and length of stay were analyzed using proportional hazard models., RESULTS: Transfusion-associated circulatory overload was associated with chronic renal failure (OR 27.0; 95\% CI, 5.2-143), a past history of heart failure (OR 6.6; 95\% CI, 2.1-21), hemorrhagic shock (OR 113; 95\% CI, 14.1-903), number of blood products transfused (OR 1.11 per unit; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.22), and fluid balance per hour (OR 9.4 per liter; 95\% CI, 3.1-28). Patients with transfusion-associated circulatory overload had significantly increased in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 3.20; 95\% CI, 1.23-8.10) after controlling for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) score, and longer hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay., CONCLUSIONS: The risk of transfusion-associated circulatory overload increases with the number of blood products administered and a positive fluid balance, and in patients with pre-existing heart failure and chronic renal failure. These data, if replicated, could be used to construct predictive algorithms for transfusion-associated circulatory overload, and subsequent modifications of transfusion practice might prevent morbidity and mortality associated with this complication.Copyright {\textcopyright} 2013. Published by Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {*Blood Transfusion/ae [Adverse Effects], *Hospital Mortality, *Pulmonary Edema/et [Etiology], Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Transfusion/mo [Mortality], Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Proportional Hazards Models, Pulmonary Edema/di [Diagnosis], Risk Factors, San Francisco},
	isbn = {1555-7162},
	author = {Murphy, Edward L and Kwaan, Nicholas and Looney, Mark R and Gajic, Ognjen and Hubmayr, Rolf D and Gropper, Michael A and Koenigsberg, Monique and Wilson, Greg and Matthay, Michael and Bacchetti, Peter and Toy, Pearl and TRALI Study Group}
}
