TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of normal individuals with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor: donor experiences and the effects on peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and on the collection of peripheral blood stem cells JF - Transfusion Y1 - 1996 A1 - Stroncek,D. F. A1 - Clay,M. E. A1 - Petzoldt,M. L. A1 - Smith,J. A1 - Jaszcz,W. A1 - Oldham,F. B. A1 - McCullough,J. KW - *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation KW - *Leukocyte Count KW - *Tissue Donors KW - Adult KW - Alanine Transaminase / blood KW - Alkaline Phosphatase / blood KW - Analgesics / therapeutic use KW - Antigens, CD34 / analysis KW - Blood Glucose / analysis KW - Blood Urea Nitrogen KW - Cations / blood KW - Fatigue / chemically induced KW - Female KW - Filgrastim KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / adverse effects / *pharmacology KW - Headache / chemically induced KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells / chemistry KW - Humans KW - Hyperhidrosis / chemically induced KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / blood KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Nausea / chemically induced KW - Pain / chemically induced KW - Patient Acceptance of Health Care KW - Recombinant Proteins / adverse effects / pharmacology KW - Thrombocytopenia / chemically induced AB - BACKGROUND: Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used in patients to increase the level of circulating hematopoietic progenitors. Although G-CSF has been administered to some healthy individuals, the kinetics of mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), the optimum dose schedule and the incidence and nature of adverse reactions in normal individuals are not completely defined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Normal individuals (n = 102) who received G-CSF for 5 or 10 days at doses of 2, 5, 7.5, or 10 micrograms per kg per day were studied. The subjects were observed for symptoms and physical changes, and blood samples were obtained for a variety of laboratory tests. After 5 or 10 days of G-CSF treatment, PBSCs were collected by apheresis and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 89 percent of the individuals completed the 5-day treatment protocol and 88 percent completed the 10-day protocol without modification of the dose of G-CSF administered. Ninety percent of donors experienced some side effect of G-CSF. The most frequent effects noted were bone pain (83%), headache (39%), body aches (23%), fatigue (14%), and nausea and/or vomiting (12%). The dose of G-CSF administered directly affected the proportion of people with bone pain (p = 0.025) or body aches (p = 0.045) or who were feeling hot or having night sweats (p = 0.02) or taking analgesics (p = 0.01). With the 5-day dose schedule, several changes in serum chemistries occurred, including increases in alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0013), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0001), and sodium (p = 0.0001). Decreases occurred in glucose (p = 0.045), potassium (p = 0.0004), bilirubin (p = 0.001), and blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.0017). In donors who received G-CSF for 5 days, the absolute neutrophil count was increased after one G-CSF dose, and it reached a maximum on Day 6, as did the number of CD34+ cells (64.6 +/- 55.9 x 10(6) cells/L). In those same donors, the platelet count after apheresis on Day 6 was 32 +/- 13 percent lower than pretreatment values (250 +/- 42 x 10(9) cells/L). In donors receiving G-CSF for 10 days, the neutrophil count reached a maximum on Day 8, but the number of CD34+ cells peaked on Day 6 (58.3 +/- 52.1 x 10(5) cells/L) and then declined. The platelet count decreased from pretreatment values by 28 +/- 12 percent prior to apheresis on Day 11. When individuals were treated for 5 days with G-CSF, the quantity of CD34+ cells collected was directly related to the G-CSF dose. When 5 micrograms per kg per day was given, 2.80 +/- 1.81 x 10(8) cells were collected, compared with collection of 4.67 +/- 3.11 x 10(8) cells when 10 micrograms per kg per day was given (p = 0.04). More important, PBSCs collected after 10 days of G-CSF administration (5 micrograms/kg/day) had significantly fewer CD34+ cells (0.82 +/- 0.37 x 10(8) cells, p = 0.01) than did PBSCs collected after 5 days of G-CSF (5 micrograms/kg/day). CONCLUSION: Most normal donors receiving G-CSF experience side effects, but these are mild to moderate in degree. Some alterations in blood chemistries occur, but none were clinically serious. Because of the symptoms associated with G-CSF, these individuals must be monitored closely. The treatment of normal donors with G-CSF for more than 5 days significantly decreased the number of circulating CD34+ cells and the quantity collected by apheresis. VL - 36 CP - 7 N1 - Stroncek, D F Clay, M E Petzoldt, M L Smith, J Jaszcz, W Oldham, F B McCullough, J Comment Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United states Transfusion Transfusion. 1996 Jul;36(7):601-10. ID - 1477 ER -