TY - JOUR T1 - The risk of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV infection among musculoskeletal tissue donors in Australia. JF - Am J Transplant Y1 - 2007 A1 - Yao,F. A1 - Seed,C. A1 - Farrugia,A. A1 - Morgan,D. A1 - Cordner,S. A1 - Wood,D. A1 - Zheng,M. H. KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - Australia KW - Deltaretrovirus KW - Deltaretrovirus Infections KW - Disease Transmission, Infectious KW - DNA, Viral KW - Hepacivirus KW - Hepatitis B KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Hepatitis C KW - hiv KW - HIV Infections KW - Humans KW - Musculoskeletal System KW - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques KW - Prevalence KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Tissue and Organ Procurement KW - Tissue Donors KW - Tissue Transplantation AB - In Australia, there are no current national estimates of the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) by musculoskeletal tissue transplantation. We determined the prevalence rates of antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV) and HTLV (anti-HTLV) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from three major bone tissue banks across Australia for the period 1993-2004. The prevalence (per 100,000 persons) was 64.44 for anti-HIV, 407.13 for HBsAg, 534.63 for anti-HCV and 121.88 for anti-HTLV. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 128,000, 1 in 189,000, 1 in 55,000 and 1 in 118,000, respectively. With the addition of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), the probability of donor viremia would be reduced to 1 in 315,000 for HIV, 1 in 385,000 for HBV and 1 in 500,000 for HCV. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV although low, are higher among musculoskeletal tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The risks associated with musculoskeletal donation will be reduced with NAT, though further cost analysis is required prior to its implementation. VL - 7 CP - 12 ID - 1662 ER -