%0 Journal Article %J Am J Transplant %D 2007 %T The risk of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV infection among musculoskeletal tissue donors in Australia. %A Yao,F. %A Seed,C. %A Farrugia,A. %A Morgan,D. %A Cordner,S. %A Wood,D. %A Zheng,M. H. %K Antibodies, Viral %K Australia %K Deltaretrovirus %K Deltaretrovirus Infections %K Disease Transmission, Infectious %K DNA, Viral %K Hepacivirus %K Hepatitis B %K Hepatitis B virus %K Hepatitis C %K hiv %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Musculoskeletal System %K Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques %K Prevalence %K Retrospective Studies %K Risk Factors %K Tissue and Organ Procurement %K Tissue Donors %K Tissue Transplantation %X In Australia, there are no current national estimates of the risks of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV) by musculoskeletal tissue transplantation. We determined the prevalence rates of antibodies against HIV (anti-HIV), HCV (anti-HCV) and HTLV (anti-HTLV) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from three major bone tissue banks across Australia for the period 1993-2004. The prevalence (per 100,000 persons) was 64.44 for anti-HIV, 407.13 for HBsAg, 534.63 for anti-HCV and 121.88 for anti-HTLV. The estimated probability of viremia at the time of donation was 1 in 128,000, 1 in 189,000, 1 in 55,000 and 1 in 118,000, respectively. With the addition of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), the probability of donor viremia would be reduced to 1 in 315,000 for HIV, 1 in 385,000 for HBV and 1 in 500,000 for HCV. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV although low, are higher among musculoskeletal tissue donors than among first-time blood donors. The risks associated with musculoskeletal donation will be reduced with NAT, though further cost analysis is required prior to its implementation. %B Am J Transplant %V 7 %P 2723 - 6 %8 Dec %G eng %N 12 %M 17983391 %R AJT2012 [pii] 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02012.x