Development of lymphoma from the donor of haploidentical stem cell transplantation: A case report

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a serious complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The majority of the cases develop during the first year after the transplantation and are associated with reactivation of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the EBV-induced lymphoproliferation usually includes donor-derived B cells. We herein describe the case of a 28-year-old female patient who developed EBV-negative PTLD, namely diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 6 months after receiving a haploidentical HSCT from her father. Chimerism analysis performed with XY fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a B-cell PTLD originating from the donor. Unfortunately, the donor also developed DLBCL 380 days after donating progenitor cells, although he was hematologically normal at the time of donation. The present case demonstrated that disease transmitted from the donor may be a possible cause of PTLD.